The Side Effects of Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer
What is Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy is a highly accurate and much less invasive form of cancer treatment. It uses revolutionary proton beam technology to precisely target cancer cells, avoiding healthy cells and organs. Physicians can attack prostate tumors, layer-by-layer, with high-dose radiation. Our pencil beam scanning technology controls protons to place them at the Bragg peak – the point at which they deposit their maximum energy – directly into the prostate tumor. California Protons Cancer Therapy Center can treat complex tumor shapes, without sacrificing the surrounding tissue.
How Proton Therapy Differs from Conventional Radiation Therapy
Conventional radiation therapy cannot emulate the precision that proton therapy offers. Standard X-ray radiotherapy beams deposit energy along their paths before reaching the tumor. It delivers unnecessary, potentially harmful radiation to surrounding healthy tissue and organs.
Compared to traditional radiation, proton therapy provides greater control and precision. The improved targeting means far fewer healthy cells are harmed.
In some cases, proton therapy has been shown to deliver higher cure rates than X-ray radiation treatment. Cancers treated with proton therapy resulted in fewer secondary cancers than X-ray radiation.1
Benefits of Proton Therapy in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Proton therapy reduces the side effects that most often coincide with prostate cancer treatment. A 2013 study found no significant changes in testosterone levels in low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer patients that were treated with proton therapy, versus a substantial decrease in testosterone levels in patients treated with intensity modulated x-ray therapy (IMRT).2 Another study found that proton therapy greatly reduced radiation exposure to the rectum and bladder when compared with X-ray radiation, lowering the risk of developing urinary and bowel problems.3
Proton therapy provides higher doses, fewer costs, and less disruption to a patient’s life. Several trials in both the U.S. and UK found that hypofractionation (4 to 6 weeks of treatment) is just as effective as 8 to 9 weeks.4 Because it’s non-invasive and has a lower occurrence of side effects, patients can get back to their lives quicker. See our dedicated prostate cancer page to learn more about what to expect.
Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Options and Considerations
Often Recommended for:
● All cancer stages, encompassing both early and advanced cases
● Recurrent or secondary cancer
● Bone pain relief
● Individuals not deemed healthy enough for surgery
● Those with concerns about impotence and incontinence
● Individuals not responding to hormone therapy
Possible Side Effects of Proton Therapy
Though proton therapy greatly reduces the occurrence and severity of side effects, on rare occasions, patients may still experience them. Potential (though rare) side effects include:
● Rectal soreness (greatly minimized by using hydrogel)
● Fatigue
● Skin irritation at the radiation beam entry point
● Scarring in the urethra (extremely rare)
● Erectile dysfunction
● Urinary frequency
Pros & Cons of Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Pros:
● Can serve as a curative option
● No surgical risks or hospital stays
● Non-invasive, typically a painless procedure
● Lower risk of treatment-related side effects
● Less radiation exposure to surrounding organs
● Shortened treatment time (30-60 minutes per session)
● Hypofractionation treatment option (4–6 weeks vs. 8–9 weeks)
● Lower chances of developing secondary cancers
● May allow retreatment for those with secondary or recurrent cancer
Cons:
● Requires frequent treatments (up to 5 days a week)
● Because of the precise nature of protons, treatment planning can take longer than planning for x-ray radiation
Managing Side Effects of Treatment
Stay Hydrated
Proper hydration can alleviate some side effects, especially those related to bladder irritation. Drinking plenty of water helps flush out toxins and promotes overall well-being.
Dietary Changes
Adopting a balanced and prostate-friendly diet can contribute to managing side effects and supporting the body’s recovery during and after proton therapy.
Nutrient-Rich Choices for Prostate Health:
Fatty Fish
Specifically, salmon stands out as an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, promoting overall prostate health.
Berries
Rich in antioxidants, berries play a crucial role in preventing cellular damage caused by free radicals.
Cooked Tomatoes
Containing lycopene, tomatoes offer a defense mechanism against cancer by inhibiting its attachment to a healthy blood supply.
Broccoli
As a cruciferous vegetable, broccoli is a powerhouse of antioxidants and phytochemicals, potentially aiding in the prevention of cell changes leading to cancer.
Green Tea
Known for its numerous health-boosting properties, green tea is a rich source of antioxidants that contribute to overall well-being.
Other Beneficial Foods
Brazil nuts, walnuts, coffee, carrots, pomegranate juice, and beans have been shown to prevent or slow the growth of prostate cancer.
Foods to Avoid or Limit:
Red Meats
Limiting the consumption of red meats can contribute to better prostate health.
High-Fat Dairy
Reducing the intake of high-fat dairy products supports a prostate-friendly diet.
Lots of Calcium
While calcium is essential, excessive intake should be avoided, as it may have implications for prostate health.
Physical Activity
Engaging in light physical activities can combat fatigue and promote overall health. Consulting with healthcare providers is crucial to tailor exercise regimens to individual needs. In general, patients are encouraged to continue to engage in physical activity during treatment.
Seek Support
Emotional and psychological support is equally important. Joining support groups or seeking counseling can provide the necessary emotional assistance during the treatment journey.
Conclusion
In the realm of prostate cancer management, understanding the nuances of treatment options is paramount. Proton therapy, with its precision and reduced side effects, stands as a promising alternative. However, it is imperative to weigh the benefits against potential side effects and consider risks. By staying informed and seeking support, patients can actively participate in their treatment journey, fostering a sense of empowerment and control.
Why Choose California Protons Cancer Therapy Center
As one of the only two proton therapy centers in California, and the only one with intensity-modulated proton therapy, we bring the highest level of personalized care to our patients. We partner with excellent physicians throughout the state to provide access to those needing our treatments. And our care team will help you feel as comfortable as possible every step of the way.
That’s why patients come to us from across the nation and around the world. And why we invite you to take an in-person or virtual tour of our center, so you can see how our expertise, patient services, partnerships and cutting-edge facility can help treat you.
Frequently Asked Questions
Who is a good candidate for proton therapy?
Good candidates for proton therapy are patients with solid tumors near sensitive organs, such as brain, prostate, breast and lung cancers. Additionally, patients with recurrent, pediatric, and many other types of cancers all are suitable candidates. You can view all the conditions California Protons treats here.
How many treatments do I need for proton therapy?
The number of individual sessions depends on your type of cancer and location, as well as if treatment is concurrent with other treatments such as hormone therapy or chemotherapy. Please be sure to discuss any concerns you may have about pre-booked flights or other date-specific commitments with your care team.
How long is a proton therapy treatment session?
The average treatment session lasts 30 minutes, with the majority of time used for changing clothes and being prepped and positioned on the treatment table. In total, plan on being in the building for an hour daily.
Does Medicare cover proton therapy treatment?
Medicare typically pays for 80 percent of covered services. In many cases, secondary Medicare insurance will cover the remaining 20 percent.
How do I find out if my health insurance company will cover my proton treatment?
The first step is to register as a patient with California Protons Cancer Therapy Center. Once you are registered, our Insurance Team will let you know exactly what your coverage is and help you navigate the insurance process. Call 858.299.5984 to schedule your consultation. Consultations are typically covered by insurance.
Support Organizations and Resources for Prostate Cancer Patients
● Prostate Cancer Foundation: Patient Resources
● Us TOO International Prostate Cancer Education & Support Network: Support Services
Cited Sources
(1) 97 percent of prostate cancer patients treated with proton therapy have not suffered recurrence
(3) 5 Proton Beam Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer 101: Basics, Controversies, and
